Accounts (Technical)
Pre-Readings
Accounts and Validator Operators
For accounts (standard senders of transactions) and validator operators, we support users from four L1 blockchain ecosystems currently (Ethereum, Bitcoin, Solana, and Cosmos).
Ethereum
BitBadges allows Ethereum addresses to use Ethereum's ECDSA secp256k1 curve for keys. The public key for these accounts will be a custom type (forked from Ethermint). This satisfies the EIP84 for full BIP44 paths. The root HD path for BitBadges Ethereum-based accounts is m/44'/60'/0'/0. BitBadges uses the Coin type 60 to support Ethereum type accounts, unlike other Cosmos chains that use Coin type 118.
Signing Method: All transactions should be signed with EIP712. EIP712 transactions can be generated via the BitBadges SDK.
Solana
BitBadges also extends the SDK's functionality to support Solana signatures signing with a ed25519 key. Addresses are expected to be in the native Base58 format.
Signing Method: Transactions will be signed in JSON stringified format with all keys alphabetically sorted. JSON messages can also be generated via the SDK.
Cosmos
Normal Cosmos accounts are also supported with all the Cosmos SDK's native functionality. We refer you to their documentation for further information.
Bitcoin
BitBadges supports Bitcoin P2WPKH addresses and BIP322 message verification.
Signing Method: Transactions will be signed in JSON stringified format with all keys alphabetically sorted. JSON messages can also be generated via the SDK.
Addresses and Public Keys
Address Conversion
import { ethToBitBadges, bitbadgesToEth } from 'bitbadgesjs-sdk';
const bitbadgesAddress = ethToBitBadges(address);
const ethAddress = bitbadgesToEth(bitbadgesAddress);
const bitbadgesAddressFromSolana = solanaToBitBadges(address);
//Note there is no bitbadgesToSolana or ethToSolana due to how the addresses workBehind the scenes, the blockchain always uses the mapped BitBadges address, never a Solana or Ethereum address. The Solana / Ethereum addresses are only for visually displaying to the user.
The Bech32 format is the default format for Cosmos-SDK queries and transactions through CLI and REST clients.
Representation
Ethereum Example:
Address (Bech32):
bb14au322k9munkmx5wrchz9q30juf5wjgz2cfqkuAddress (EIP55 Ethereum Hex):
0xAF79152AC5dF276D9A8e1E2E22822f9713474902
Solana Example:
Address (Base58): 6H2af68Yyg6j7N4XeQKmkZFocYQgv6yYoU3Xk491efa5
Address (Bech32): bb18el5ug46umcws58m445ql5scgg2n3tzagfecvl
Bitcoin Example
Address (Native - P2WPKH): bc1q9s7rynm5pwhluhecsmlku8rn5yej5wdgj0gv3e
Address (Bech32): bb19s7rynm5pwhluhecsmlku8rn5yej5wdg8g75f9
Public Key Types
For standard Cosmos accounts, the public key will have the "@type": "/cosmos.crypto.secp256k1.PubKey".
For Solana accounts, the public key will have the "@type": "/cosmos.crypto.ed25519.PubKey".
For standard Ethereum accounts, the public key will have the "@type": "/ethereum.PubKey".
{"@type":"/ethereum.PubKey","key":"AsV5oddeB+hkByIJo/4lZiVUgXTzNfBPKC73cZ4K1YD2"}
Deriving BitBadges Ethereum Account from a private key/mnemonic
Below you will see an example code snippet on how to derive a BitBadges Account from a private key and/or a mnemonic phase:
import { Wallet } from 'ethers'
import { Address as EthereumUtilsAddress } from 'ethereumjs-util'
const mnemonic = "indoor dish desk flag debris potato excuse depart ticket judge file exit"
const privateKey = "afdfd9c3d2095ef696594f6cedcae59e72dcd697e2a7521b1578140422a4f890"
const defaultDerivationPath = "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0"
const defaultBech32Prefix = 'bb'
const isPrivateKey: boolean = true /* just for the example */
const wallet = isPrivateKey ? Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic, defaultDerivationPath) : new Wallet(privateKey)
const ethereumAddress = wallet.address
const addressBuffer = EthereumUtilsAddress.fromString(ethereumAddress.toString()).toBuffer()
const bitbadgesAddress = bech32.encode(defaultBech32Prefix, bech32.toWords(addressBuffer))Let's see an example code snipped on how to derive a public key from a private key:
import secp256k1 from 'secp256k1'
const privateKey = "afdfd9c3d2095ef696594f6cedcae59e72dcd697e2a7521b1578140422a4f890"
const privateKeyHex = Buffer.from(privateKey.toString(), 'hex')
const publicKeyByte = secp256k1.publicKeyCreate(privateKeyHex)
const buf1 = Buffer.from([10])
const buf2 = Buffer.from([publicKeyByte.length])
const buf3 = Buffer.from(publicKeyByte)
const publicKey = Buffer.concat([buf1, buf2, buf3]).toString('base64')
const type = '/ethereum.PubKey'Acknowledgements
Credit to https://docs.injective.network/learn/basic-concepts/accounts and https://docs.evmos.org/protocol/concepts/accounts.
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